FORENSIC MEDICINE

• Staff

• Curriculum of M. D. Forensic Medicine

• Lectures In Forensic Medicine And Toxicology

• Lists (Books, Journals, Equipments, Practical, Specimens, Weapons, Poison, Charts, Models, Photographs)

• Publication in Vancouver referencing style. 

• Research on Hand

Staff

Teaching staff:

Curriculum of M. D. Forensic Medicine

SUBJECT SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The Goal of MD Forensic Medicine is to train a doctor to become a competent medico-legal expert, teacher and researcher in the subject who:

1. is aware of medico legal aspects in various settings
2. is aware of contemporary advances and developments in the field of Forensic Medicine.
3. has acquired the competencies pertaining to the subject of Forensic Medicine that are required to be practiced at all levels of health system.
4. is oriented to the principles of research methodology.
5. has acquired skills in educating and imparting training to medical, paramedical and allied professionals.

A post graduate student, upon successfully qualifying in the M.D (Forensic Medicine) examination, should be able to:

1. Become an expert in Forensic Medicine.
2. 2. Identify and define medico-legal problems as they emerge in the community and work to resolve such problems by planning, implementing, evaluating and modulating Medico- legal services.
3. Undertake medico-legal responsibilities and discharge medico-legal duties in required settings.
4. Keep abreast with all recent developments and emerging trends in Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics and the law.
5. Deal with general principles and practical problems related to forensic, clinical, emergency, environmental, medico-legal and occupational aspects of toxicology.
6. Deal with medico-legal aspects of Psychiatry, mental health and drug addiction.
7. Impart education in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology to under-graduate and post- graduate students with the help of modern teaching aids.
8. Assess the students’ knowledge and skills in the subject of Forensic Medicine
9. Oriented to research methodology and conduct of research in the subject.

SUBJECT SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES
By the end of the course, the student should have acquired knowledge (cognitive domain), professionalism (affective domain) and skills (psychomotor domain) as given below:

A. Cognitive domain

1. Describe the legal and medico-legal system in India.
2. Acquire knowledge on the philosophy and guiding principles of Forensic Medicine course.
3. Describe the program goals and objectives of the Forensic Medicine course.
4. Acquire knowledge on conduct of medico-legal autopsy independently with required physical assistance, prepare report and derive inferences.
5. Outline the principles and objectives of postmortem examination.
6. Describe the formalities and procedures of medico-legal autopsies in accordance with existing conventions and the law.
7. Identify the role of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, blood bank, psychiatry, radiology, forensic science laboratory as well as other disciplines of medical science to logically arrive at a conclusion in medico-legal autopsies and examination of medico-legal cases.
8. Describe the principles of the techniques used in toxicological laboratory namely TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), GLC (Gas Liquid Chromatography), AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry), HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and Breath Alcohol Analyzer.
9. Describe relevant legal/court procedures applicable to medico-legal/medical practice.
10. Describe the general forensic principles of ballistics, serology, analytical toxicology and photography.
11. Interpret, analyze and review medico-legal reports prepared by other medical officers at the time of need.
12. Describe role of DNA profile and its application in medico-legal practice.
13. Describe the law/s relating to poisons, drugs, cosmetics, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
14. Describe the legal and ethical aspects of Forensic Procedures including Narco-analysis, Brain mapping and Polygraph etc.
15. Describe the medico-legal aspects of Psychiatry, addiction and mental health.

B. Affective domain

1. Should be able to function as a part of a team, develop an attitude of cooperation with colleagues, and interact with the clinician or other colleagues to provide the best possible opinion.
2. Should be able to follow ethical principles in dealings with patients, police personnel, relatives and other health personnel and to respect their rights.
3. Follow medical etiquettes in dealing with each other.
4. Develop communication skills to word reports and professional opinion as well as to interact with patients, relatives, peers and paramedical staff, and for effective teaching.

C. Psychomotor domain

At the end of the course, the student should acquire following skills and be able to:
1. Perform medico-legal autopsy independently with required physical assistance, prepare report and derive inferences.
2. Perform medico-legal examination of users of alcohol, drugs and poisons and prepare report.
3. Perform medico-legal examination in cases of sexual offences and prepare report.
4. Interpret histo-pathological, microbiological, radiological, chemical analysis, DNA profile and other investigative reports for medico-legal purposes.
5. Perform medico-legal examination of bones, clothing, wet specimens and weapons.
6. Depose as an expert witness in a court of Law on medico-legal matters.
7. Examine, identify, prepare reports and initiate management on medico-legal cases in emergency set up.
8. Identify and discharge all legal responsibilities in medico-legal matters.
9. Plan, organize and supervise medico-legal work in general/teaching/district hospitals and in any health care set up.
10. Collect, preserve and dispatch various samples and trace evidences to the concerned authorities in appropriate manner.
11. Help and Advise authorities on matters related to medical ethics and medico-legal issues.
12. Discharge duties in respect of forensic, clinical, emergency, environmental, medico-legal and occupational aspects of toxicology.
13. Plan, organize and manage toxicological laboratory services in any health care set up.
14. Provide information and consultation on all aspects of toxicology to professionals, industry, Government and the public at large.
15. Manage medico-legal responsibilities in mass disasters involving multiple deaths like fire, traffic accident, aircraft accident, rail accident and natural calamities.
16. Do interaction with allied departments by rendering services in advanced laboratory investigations and relevant expert opinion.
17. Participate in various workshops/seminars/journal clubs/demonstration in the allied departments, to acquire various skills for collaborative research.

Time frame to acquire knowledge & skills:
First year of PG program:

1. Orientation Program
2. Basic autopsy skills.
3. Orientation to the applied aspects of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry
4. General principles of Forensic Medicine.
5. Introduction to Medical Toxicology.
6. Assisting in scheduling of teaching sessions.
7. Participation in undergraduate teaching.
8. Posting for autopsy work, clinical forensic medicine and toxicology.
9. Participation in departmental activities
10. Participation in seminar, CME, workshop etc.
11. Orientation to organization and functioning of toxicology/research laboratory.
12. Preparation of thesis protocol.
13. Being self-updated with recent advances in the subject

Second year of PG program:

1. Conduct of autopsy examination without supervision in routine autopsy cases
2. Conduct of autopsy examination with supervision in expert opinion cases.
3. Conduct of theory and practical sessions for undergraduates
4. Thesis and other research work
5. Clinical forensic medicine work for practical experience in medico-legal procedures and on-the-job practical training in medico-legal aspects of emergency medicine, radiology and other clinical disciplines.
6. Orientation to the applied aspects of Microbiology, Pathology, Blood Bank, Psychiatry as related to forensic sciences.
7. Posting for autopsy work, clinical forensic medicine and toxicology laboratory.
8. Attend court summons for cases conducted by themselves or where deputed to attend in cases where an expert is required to depose by Court of Law

Third year of PG program:

1. Organize teaching sessions and thesis work.
2. Submission of thesis six months prior to examination.
3. Posting for autopsy work, clinical forensic medicine and toxicology laboratory to continue.
4. The PG trainee shall be required to conduct minimum of 100 autopsy cases and minimum of 100 clinical cases during the entire training period.
5. Attend Court summons for cases conducted by themselves or when deputed where an expert is required to depose by the Court of Law.
6. The PG trainee shall be required to attend or accompany an expert to attend a minimum of 20 court summons, of which at least 5 should pertain to clinical cases.

Syllabus
Course contents:

I. General Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

1. Identify the role of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, blood bank, psychiatry, radiology, forensic science laboratory as well as other disciplines of medical science to logically arrive at a conclusion in medico-legal autopsies and examination of medico-legal cases.
2. Describe the basic principles of techniques used in toxicological laboratory namely TLC, GLC, ASS, HPLC and Breath Alcohol Analyzer.
3. Execute the skills and knowledge expected at undergraduate level.

II. Basic Sciences and allied Subjects
A. Anatomy: Anatomy of parts and organs of the body which are important from the medico-legal aspect.

1. Describe surface and regional anatomy of head, neck, chest and abdomen.
2. Describe gross anatomy and blood supply of heart, brain, lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys.
3. Describe gross anatomy of male and female genitalia.
4. Describe the comparative anatomy of male and female skeleton.
5. Perform histological examination of various tissues. vi. Describe the development of foetus.

B. Physiology and Biochemistry: Mechanism of phenomena that are important in the body from the medico-legal viewpoint.

1. Describe mechanism of fluid and electrolyte balance, thermoregulation in newborn and adults, endocrine functions.
2. Describe physiology of sexual behavior.
3. Describe physiological functioning of circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, haemopoietic system, central nervous system and reproductive system including pregnancy.

C. Pathology: Pathophysiology of vital processes and response mechanisms that modulate tissue and organ reaction to all forms of injury and have a bearing on antemortem and postmortem appearance in medico-legal cases, assessment of the duration of injuries and correlate trauma and disease.

1. Describe pathology of inflammation and repair, immunity and hypersensitivity, Thrombosis and embolism, electric and ionizing radiation injuries, genetic factors in disease, deficiency disorders and malnutrition.
2. Describe pathology of myocardial infarction, congenital heart diseases, tuberculosis of lungs, cirrhosis of liver, diseases of glomeruli and tubules and interstitial; tissues of Kidney, tumours, endocrine disorders, venereal diseases, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages.
3. Describe the pathology of sudden death.
4. Describe local and systemic response to trauma and patho-physiology of shock.
5. Describe pathology of common infections and infestations of medico-legal significance.

D. Dentistry: Adequate knowledge of dentistry for solution of medico-legal problems like, injuries, age determination and identification.

E. Radiology: Adequate knowledge of radiological procedures for solution of medico-legal problems.

F. Fundamentals of Forensic Medicine:

1. Describe the general forensic principle of ballistics, serology, analytical toxicology and photography.
2. Interpret the scene of crime.
3. Describe role of DNA profile and its application in medico-legal practice.
4. Examine bloodstains for blood grouping, nuclear sexing, HLA typing, seminal stains and hair for medico-legal purpose.
5. Describe ethical aspects of Forensic Procedures including Narco-analysis, Brain mapping and Polygraph.

III. Medical Ethics and Law (Medical Jurisprudence)

1. Describe the history of Forensic Medicine.
2. Describe the legal and medico-legal system in India.
3. Describe medical ethics and the law in relation to medical practice, declarations, oath, etiquette, Medical Council of India, disciplinary control, rights and duties of a registered medical practitioner’s professional misconduct, consent, confidentiality, medical negligence (including all related issues) and Consumer Protection Act.
4. Describe medical ethics and law in relation to organ transplantation, biomedical human research and experimentation, human rights, cloning, genetic engineering, human genome, citizen’s charter and international codes of medical ethics.
5. Describe the ethics and law in relation to artificial insemination, abortion, antenatal sex, foetus, genetics, and euthanasia.
6. Interpret the ethics and law applicable to the human (clinical trials) and animal experimentation.
7. Describe ethics in relation to elderly, women, and children.
8. Describe medical ethics and law in relation to nursing and other medical services/practices.
9. Understanding about bioethics

IV. Clinical Forensic Medicine

1. Examine, assess legal implications and prepare report or certificate in cases of physical assault, suspected drunkenness, sexual offences, consummation of marriage and disputed paternity.
2. Collect, preserve and dispatch the specimen/material to the concerned authority and interpret the clinical and laboratory findings which are reported.
3. Examine injured person, prepare medico-legal report and initiate management.
4. Determine the age and establish identity of an individual for medico-legal purpose.
5. Examine a person and assess disability in industrial accidents and diseases.
6. Perform examination and interpret findings for medico-legal purposes in cases pertaining to pregnancy, delivery, artificial insemination, abortion, sterilization, Impotence, AIDS and infectious disease.
7. Describe normal and abnormal sexual behavior and its medico-legal implications.
8. Examine and assess the medical fitness of a person for insurance, government service, sickness and fitness on recovery from illness.
9. Examine medico-legal problems related to clinical disciplines of medicine and allied subjects, Pediatrics, Surgery and allied subjects, ENT, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dermatology and Anesthesiology.
10. Examine medico-legal problems related to children, women and elderly.
11. Identify the cases of torture and violation of human rights and issues thereto

V. Forensic Pathology

1. Apply the principles involved in methods of identification of human remains by race, age, sex, religion, complexion, stature, hair, teeth, anthropometry, dactylography, foot prints, hairs, tattoos, poroscopy and superimposition techniques.
2. Perform medico-legal postmortem and be able to exhume, collect, preserve and dispatch specimens or trace evidence to the appropriate authority.
3. Diagnose and describe the pathology of wounds, mechanical and regional injuries, ballistics and wound ballistics, electrical injuries, lightening, neglect and starvation, thermal injuries, deaths associated with sexual offences, pregnancy, delivery, abortion, child abuse, dysbarism and barotraumas.
4. Describe patho-physiology of shock and neurogenic shock.
5. Describe patho-physiology of asphyxia, classification, medico-legal aspects and postmortem findings of different types of asphyxial deaths.
6. Diagnose and classify death, identify the signs of death, postmortem changes, interpret autopsy findings, artifacts and results of the other relevant investigations to logically conclude the cause, manner (suicidal, homicidal and accidental) and time of death.
7. Manage medico-legal responsibilities in mass disasters involving multiple deaths like fire, traffic accident, aircraft accident, rail accident and natural calamities.
8. Demonstrate postmortem findings in infant death and to differentiate amongst live birth, still birth and dead born.
9. Perform postmortem examination in cases of death in custody, torture and violation of human rights.
10. Perform postmortem examination in cases of death due to alleged medical negligence as in operative and anesthetic deaths.

VI. Toxicology

1. Describe the law relating to poisons, drugs, cosmetics, narcotic drugs and a. psychotropic substances.
2. Examine and diagnose poisoning cases and apply principles of general management and organ system approach for the management of poisoning cases.
3. Describe the basic principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of poisonous substances.
4. Describe the toxic hazards of occupation, industry, environment and the principles of predictive toxicology.
5. Collect, preserve and dispatch material/s for analysis, interpret the laboratory findings and perform the Medico-legal formalities in a case of poisoning.
6. Demonstrate the methods of identification and analysis of common poisons vii. Describe the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of common acute and chronic poisoning due to:
1) Corrosives
2) Nonmetallic substances
3) Insecticides and weed killers
4) Metallic substances
5) Vegetable and organic irritants
6) Somniferous compounds
7) Inebriant substances
8) Deliriant substances
9) Food Contamination/adulteration.
10) Substances causing spinal and cardiac toxicity
11) Substances causing asphyxia (Asphyxiants)
12) Household toxins
13) Toxic envenomation
14) Biological and chemical warfare
15) Environmental intoxicants
16) Occupational intoxicants

VII. Forensic Psychiatry
1. Explain the common terminologies of forensic importance in Psychiatry.
2. Describe the medico-legal aspects of Psychiatry and mental health.
3. Describe medico-legal aspects of drug addiction. iv. Describe role of Psychiatry in criminal investigation, punishment and trial.
4. Describe the civil and criminal responsibilities of a mentally ill person.
5. Describe the role of Psychology in criminal investigation, punishment and trial.

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

1. Teaching methodology

a. Lectures: Lectures are to be kept to a minimum. They may, however, be employed for teaching certain topics. Lectures may be didactic or integrated. The course shall be of three years, organized in six units (0-5). This modular pattern is a guideline for the department, to organize training. Training program can be modified depending upon the work load and academic assignments of the department.
b. Journal Club & Subject seminars: Both are recommended to be held once a week. All the PG students are expected to attend and actively participate in discussion and enter in the Log Book relevant details. Further, every PG trainee must make a presentation from the allotted journal(s), selected articles and a total of 12 seminar presentations in three years. The presentations would be evaluated and would carry weightage for internal assessment.
c. Case Presentations: Minimum of 5 cases to be presented by every PG trainee each year. They should be assessed using check lists and entries made in the log book
d. Clinico-Pathological correlation \ Conference: Recommended once a month for all post graduate students. Presentation is to be done by rotation. If cases are not available, it could be supplemented by published CPCs.
e. Inter-Departmental Meetings: These meetings should be attended by post graduate students and relevant entries must be made in the Log Book.

 
2. Teaching Skills: The postgraduate students shall be required to participate in the teaching and training program of undergraduate students and interns.
3. Undertake audit, use information technology tools and carry out research, both basic and clinical, with the aim of publishing his work and presenting his work at various scientific for a.
4. Continuing Medical Education Programs (CME): At least two CME programs should be attended by each student in 3 years.
5. Conferences: The student to attend courses, conferences and seminars relevant to the speciality.
6. A postgraduate student of a postgraduate degree course in broad specialities/super specialities would be required to present one poster presentation, to read one paper at a national/state conference and to present one research paper which should be published/accepted for publication/sent for publication during the period of his postgraduate studies so as to make him eligible to appear at the postgraduate degree examination.
7. Rotation: Other than the Department of Forensic Medicine, student may be posted for training in the following clinical disciplines for a given period of time on rotational basis:  

8. Department should encourage e-learning activities.

ASSESSMENT

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT, ie., during the training
General Principles
Internal Assessment should be frequent, cover all domains of learning and used to provide feedback to improve learning; it should also cover professionalism and communication skills. The Internal Assessment should be conducted in theory and clinical examination.
Quarterly assessment during the MD training should be based on following educational activities:
1. Journal based / recent advances learning
2. Patient based /Laboratory or Skill based learning
3. Self-directed learning and teaching
4. Departmental and interdepartmental learning activity
5. External and Outreach Activities / CMEs
The student to be assessed periodically as per categories listed in postgraduate student appraisal form (Annexure-I).

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT, ie., assessment at the end of training
The Postgraduate examination shall be in three parts:
The summative examination would be carried out as per the Rules given in POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION REGULATIONS, 2000.

The examination shall be in three parts:
1. Thesis: Thesis shall be submitted at least six months before the Theory and Clinical / Practical examination. The thesis shall be examined by a minimum of three examiners; one internal and two external examiners, who shall not be the examiners for Theory and practical examination. A PG trainee shall be allowed to appear for the Theory and Practical/Clinical examination only after the acceptance of the Thesis by the examiners.

2. Theory:
1. The examinations shall be organized on the basis of ‘Grading’or ‘Marking system’ to evaluate and to certify PG trainee's level of knowledge, skill and competence at the end of the training. Obtaining a minimum of 50% marks in ‘Theory’ as well as ‘Practical’ separately shall be mandatory for passing examination as a whole. The examination for M.D. shall be held at the end of 3rd academic year. An academic term shall mean six month's training period.
There shall be four papers each of three hours duration. These are:

Theory Examination:
There shall be four theory papers.

Paper 1: Basic of Forensic Medicine, basic sciences and allied subjects.
Paper II: Clinical Forensic Medicine and medical jurisprudence.
Paper III: Forensic pathology and toxicology.
Paper IV: recent advances in Forensic Medicine, Forensic Psychiatry and Medical Toxicology, applied aspects of clinical disciplines and forensic sciences

3. Practical Examination: Practical examination would be spread over two days and should be as follows:

Day 1

o Clinical Cases - (any 4) Age estimation, injury report, examination of an insane person to evaluate criminal/civil responsibility, examination of an intoxicated person, examination of a suspected case of poisoning (acute/chronic), disputed paternity case and sexual offences (accused and victim).
o Spots - (10) Histopathology slides, photographs, exhibit material, X-rays, mounted specimens, bones, poisons and weapons, charts etc.
o Toxicology Exercises - (02) Identification and details of common poisons or chemical tests etc.
o Laboratory Tests - (01) Identification of biological stains (Semen, Blood, Body fluids), Histopathology slides of medico legal relevance, gram and acid fast staining etc.

Day 2

o Postmortem Examination.
o Thesis/Seminar Presentation - For assessment of research/teaching ability
o Discussion on a case for expert opinion
o Grand Viva Voce.

Publication

THESIS SUBMITTED BUT NOT YET PUBLISHED:
1. Evaluation of post-mortem findings in mechanical asphyxial deaths with particular emphasis on head & neck region.
2. Post-mortem evaluation of pattern of skull fracture and it’s correlation in cases of head injury at tertiary care hospital

RESEARCH ON HAND:
1. Evaluation of time since death from post-mortem lividity and rigor mortis.
2. Estimating age of injury from gross appearance of contusion and abrasion.

LECTURES IN FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

•          Legal procedure in criminal courts

•          Medicolegal postmortem – Rules and regulations

•          Medicolegal postmortem examination (including that of decomposed bodies and mutilated & fragmented remains)

•          Procedure of exhumation and Examination of bones for medicolegal purpose

•          Personal identity – Living and the dead

•          Personal identity – Medicolegal aspects of age estimation

•          Personal identity – Value of Anthropometry, Scars, Tattoo marks and Occupational marks in identification

•          Examination of trace evidence and their medicolegal aspects

•          Mechanical injuries

•          Examination of an injured person, preparation of medicolegal injury certificate and medicolegal aspects of injuries

•          Regional injuries – Face and neck

•          Regional injuries – Chest and abdomen

•          Death and its medico-legal aspects

•          Investigation of sudden death

•          Asphyxial deaths – Hanging and strangulation

•          Asphyxial deaths – Suffocation and choking

•          Asphyxial deaths – Drowning

•          Deaths from starvation, hyperthermia and hypothermia; their medicolegal aspects

•          Deaths from burns and scalds; their medicolegal aspects

•          Deaths from electricity and lightening

•          Impotence, sterility and artificial insemination with their medicolegal aspects

•          Virginity, pregnancy and delivery with their medicolegal aspects

•          Mental ill health and their medicolegal aspects

•          Sexual offences

•          Abnormal sexual offences with sexual perversions

•          Medical termination of pregnancy

•          Medical ethics

•          Professional negligence and Infamous conduct

•          Consent, professional secrecy and privilege communication

•          Poisons and their medicolegal aspects

•          Corrosive poisons

•          Inorganic nonmetallic irritants – Mechanical irritants

•          Inorganic metallic irritants – Arsenic, Mercury

•          Inorganic metallic irritants – Lead, Copper

•          Organic vegetable irritants

•          Organic animal irritants

•          Somniferous poisons

•          Inebriant poisons

•          Deliriant poisons

•          Spinal poisons

•          Cardiac poisons

•          Asphyxiants

•          Food poisoning

•          Drug dependence

• LIST OF

  • Books

  • Journals

  • Equipments

  • Practical

  • Specimens

  • Weapons

  • Poison

  • Charts

  • Models

  • Photographs

LIST OF BOOKS IN DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARY

LIST OF JOURNALS IN FORENSIC MEDICINE

1.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 29, No.1, 2007

2.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 29, No.2, 2007

3. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 29, No.3, 2007

4. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 29, No.4, 2007

5. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 29, No.1, 2007

6. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2008

7.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol.30, No. 2, 2008

8.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol.30, No. 4, 2008

9.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol.31, No. 2, 2009

10.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol.31, No. 2, 2009

11.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol.31, No. 2, 2009

12.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 3, 2009

13.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 4, 2009

14. 12.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 3, 2009

15. 12.  Journal Of Indian Academy Of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 4, 2009

16.  Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol.24,no.2, 2007

17.  Journal Of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 7, No.1, 2007

18. Journal Of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 7, No.2, 2007

19. Second Medico legal Conference, booklet, at Govt. Medical College, Surat, 2008.

20. Souvenir of 29th Annual Conference of Indian Academy of Forensic Med, 2008.

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

1. Postmortem Set
2. Electric Autopsy Saw
3. Slide warming Table
4. Needle Destroyer
5. Personal weighing machine
6. Calibrated Organ measuring Board
7. Wernier Caliper
8. Hand Spectroscope
9. Table top Electronic weighing machine
10. Water bath (12 Cavities)
11. Weighing machine dial type human
12. Equipment for reporting height
13. Balance chemical
14. Balance, single pair for weighing fetus
15. Weighing machine for weighing dead bodies
16. Weighing machine for organs
17. Folding metal scale to measure up to 7 ft.
18. Steel tape roll
19. Autopsy table
21. Hacksaw
23. Metal scale graduated in Cm
26. Digital camera with accessories
27. Microscope student type
28. Binocular microscope research type
29. Stop-watch
30. X-ray view box 1 in 4
31. X-ray view box 2 in 1
32. BP apparatus
38. Leather strops
44. Brain knife
48. LCD projector
52. Refrigerator
53. Cold storage for keeping dead bodies
55. Digital camera with video Recording facility
56. Instrument cabinet, Instrument trolley, Filing cabinets with folders, Elmira for
Keeping files
57. Desktop Computer with Printer
58. Flat Screen Computer with Printer

LIST OF PRACTICALS IN FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

·         Examination and certification for age

·         Examination and certification for injuries

·         Examination and certification for impotence

·         Examination and certification for alcohol consumption

·         Examination and certification of a case of victim of rape

·         Examination and certification of a case of accused of rape

·         Examination and certification of a case of victim of sodomy

·         Examination and certification of a case of accused of sodomy

·         Medical Certification of Cause of Death

·         Under treatment/ Sickness certificate

·         Consent for surgery, anaesthesia and other medical services

·         Request for sterilization

·         Study of weapons

·         Study of common poisons

·         Study of soft tissue specimens

·         Study of skiagrams

·         Study of microscopic slides

·         Study of photographs

·         Practical aspects of collection, preservation and dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis

·         Practical aspects of collection, preservation and dispatch of other medicolegal materials to forensic science laboratory

·         Examination of trace evidence

·         Demonstration of medicolegal autopsies (ten)

LIST OF SPECIMENNS

1. Multiple Incised Wounds over Skin
2. Abrasion Over Skin
3. Lacerated Wound over Skin
4. Contusion over Skin
5. Contusion over Skull Cap
6. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
7. Multiple Incised wounds over Liver
8. Contusion over Spleen
9. Contusion of Lung
10. Congestion of Lung
11. Contusion of Larynx
12. Contusion of Heart
13. Contusion of Testis
14. Contusion of Liver
15. Contusion and Laceration of Kidney
16. Stab wound of Heart
17. Contusion with fracture of Hyoid bone
18. Contusion & Fracture of Ribs
19. Lacerated wound of Kidney
20. Virgin Uterus
21. Pneumoconiosis of Lung
22. Normal Kidney
23. Atherosclerosis of Aorta
24. Atherosclerosis of Heart & Kidney
25. Cardiomegaly with MI
26. Hypertrophy of Heart
27. Myocardial Infraction
28. Normal Heart
29. Hypertrophy of heart with MI
30. Normal Stomach Showing Anterior Wall
31. Cerebellar Hemorrhage
32. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
33. Subarachnoid & Subdural Hemorrhage
34. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
35. Congestion of Kidney
36. Dissected Kidney Showing Congestion
37. Contusion of Kidney
38. Hypertrophy of Kidney
39. Ossification Center of Calcanium
40. Contusion of Jejunum
41. Uterus with Adenexa of 8 Wks
42. Fetal Lungs
43. Heart with MI
44. Caster Fruits
45. Calotropis Plant
46. Plumbigo Rosea
47. Croton Seeds & Ricinus Communis seeds
48. Mustard & Argemon seeds
49. Saw scaled Viper
50. Pit Viper
51. Centipede
52. Saw scaled Viper
53. Stomach in Poisoning

LIST OF WEAPONS

1. Bicycle chain
2. motorcycle Chain
3. Iron rod
4. Knife, single edged
5. Knife, double edged
6. Arrow
7. Sickle
8. Rope, nylon
9. Hammer
10. Wooden rod- Lathi
11. Shotgun
12. Axe, Large
13. Axe, Small
14. hexo Blade
15. Serrated hexo Blade
16. khurpi
17. Screw driver
18. Curved pointed knife
19. Chiesel
20. Hockey Stick
21. Cricket Bat

LIST OF POISONS

1. DHATURA FRUIT
2. SEMICARPUS ANACARDIUM (Marking-Nut/ Bhilawa)
3. STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA (Kuchila)
4. NICOTIANA TABACUM (Tobacco)
5. ACONITE-Dried Roots (Monk’s Hood)
6. ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE (Celphos)
7. CAPSICUM ANUM (Red-Chilli)
8. RICINUS COMMUNIS (Caster Seeds)
9. CROTON TIGLIUM
10. COPPER SULPHATE (Blue Vitriol)
11. MERCURIC NITRATE
12. LEAD TETRA-OXIDE (Sindur)
13. POTASSIUM PERMENGNATE
14. LEAD CHLORIDE
15. LEAD IODIDE
16. ABRUS PRECATORIUS (Rati/ Chanoti)
17. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
18. ATROPINE SULPHATE
19. PAM
20. ETHYL ALCOHOL
21. METHYL ALCOHOL
22. BITTER ALMOND (Hydrocyanic Acid)
23. ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
24. DHATURA FRUIT
25. HYDROCHLORIC ACID
26. SULPHURIC ACID
27. PHENOL
28. OXALLIC ACID
29. DATURA FASTUOSA (Dhatura-Fruit)
30. DATURA FASTUOSA (Dhatura-Seeds)
31. PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM (Poppy-Seeds)
32. PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM (Poppy-Capsule)
33. PLUMBAGO ROSEA (Zavitri/ Chitra)
34. CALOTROPIS GIGENTIA (Akdo/ Madar)

35. SODIUM HYDROXIDE
36. ACETONE (Nail-Polish Remover)
37. KEROSENE
38. NAPTHALENE BALLS
39. IODINE
40. HAIR
41. COCAINE
42. D.D.T. POWDER (Organochlorine)
43. MERCURIC SULPHATE
44. MERCURUS CHLORIDE
45. MERCURIC SULPHIDE
46. LEAD CHROMATE
47. LEAD CARBONATE
48. ZINC CHLORIDE
49. PICRIC ACID
50. TARTARIC ACID
51. AETYL SALYSYLIC ACID
52. MAGNISHIUM SULPHATE
53. BARIUM HYDROXIDE
54. BAYGON
55. BARIUM SULPHATE
56. BARIUM CARBONATE
57. NICKLE POWDER
58. BISMUTH SUBNITRATE
57. SULPHUR SUBLIMATE
58. MATCH STICK (Red Phosphorus)
59. HALOTHANE
60. CHLOROQUINE
61. DIAZEPAM
62. CODIENE PHOSPHATE
63. FORMALDEHYDE
64. COMMON SALT
65. PENTATHIOLE SODIUM

LIST OF CHARTS

1.      HIPPOCRATES, FATHER OF MEDICAL ETHICS

2.      CAUSES OF MECHANICAL ASPHYXIA

3.      MAJOR CHANGES TO ESTIMATE TIME SINCE DEATH

4.      MASS HOMICIDE

5.      CLEOPATRA TESTING POISONS ON CRIMINALS

6.      FACIAL FINDINGS IN STRANGULATION

7.      ESTIMATION OF BODY SURFACE AREA IN BURNS, IN CHILDREN & ADULTS

8.      SHARP CUTTING, POINTED AHD HEAVY WEAPONS

9.      METHODS OF REMOVAL OF SKULL CAP

10.  VARIOUS SITES INVOLVED IN SUICIDES

11.  DIFFERENT PARTS OF PISTOL

12.  DIFFERENT SHAPES OF STAB WOUNDS

13.  CROSS SECTION OF BARREL OF RIFLED FIREARM

14.  DIFFERENT PARTS OF REVOLVER

15.  TYPES OF STAB WOUND

16.  SITES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMPACT IN RTA

17.  HIP BONE – SEX DIFFERENCE

18.  VARIOUS AUTOPSY INCISIONS

19.  POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION

20.  FINGERPRINT TYPES

21.  FORENSIC SCIENCES – IN SEARCH OF HIDDEN TRUTH

22.  DIFFERENT PARTS OF RIFLE

23.  BLOOD SUPPLY OF HEART

24.  NUMBER OF TEETH IN DIFFERENT AGES

25.  CHOKING, A TYPE OF ASPHYXIA

26.  DIFFERENT PARTS OF CARTRIDGE

27.  MORPHOLOGY OF SPERMATOZOA

28.  COMMON SITES OF BERRY’S ANEURYSM IN CIRCLE OF WILLIS

29.  VARITIES OF WEAPONS

30.  INCISIONS FOR REMOVAL OF SCALP

31.  SHAPE OF UTERINE CAVITY

32.  COMPLICATIONS OF CRIMINAL ABORTIONS

33.  GARROTTING

34.  EWALD OR BOAS TUBE FOR GASTRIC LAVAGE

35.  HYMEN EXAMINATION KIT

36.  INDENTIFICATION FEATURES OF MALE AND FEMALE

37.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DURG ADDICTION AND DRUG HABITUATION

38.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OXALIC ACID AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE

39.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTEMORTEM AND POST MORTEM ABRASIONS

40.  PEOPERTIES OF DIFFERENT EXPLOSIVES

41.  AGES OF ERUPTION OF TEETH

42.  SHORT BARELLED RIFLED GUN INJURIES- AT DIFF. DISTANCES

43.  CHRONOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF TEMPORARY AND PERMENANT TEETH

44.  ATROCITIES ON WIFE

45.  RULE OF NINE

46.  FATAL PERIODS OF SOME POISONS

47.  FATAL DOSES OF SOME POISONS

48.  TESTS OF POSONING

49.  CLASSIFISCATION OF POISONS- ACCORDING TO MOTIVES

50.  ABO BLOOD GROUPING

51.  TYPES OF FINGERPRINTING, PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPE RELATIONSHIP

52.  OSSIFICATION CENTRES OF BONES

53.  COMON HOUSEHOLD POISONS

54.  CORROSIVE POISONS – SULPHURIC ACID

55.  CORROSIVE POISONS – NITRIC ACID

56.  CORROSIVE POISONS – HYDROCHLORIC ACID

57.  CORROSIVE POISONS – CARBOLIC ACID

58.  CORROSIVE POISONS – ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID

59.  CAUSTIC ALKALIES

60.  IODINE

61.  PHOSPHORUS

62.  CHLORINE

63.  ANTIHISTAMINICS

64.  COPPER

65.  POTASSIUM PERMENGANATE

66.  MANGANESE

67.  RISINUS COMMUNIS

68.  CROTON TIGLIUM

69.  ABRUS PRECATORIUS

70.  ERGOT

71.  CAPSICUM ANNUM

72.  SEMICARPUS ANACARDIUM

73.  CALLOTROPIS

74.  PLUMBAGO ROSEA

75.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE

76.  SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN SKULL

77.  SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN MANDIBLE

78.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPIRED AND UNRESPIRED LUNG

79.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INCISED, PUNCTURED AND LACERATED WOUND

80.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMPORARY AND PERMENANT TEETH

81.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CIBRA AND VIPER

82.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARSENIC POISONING AND CHOLERA

83.  ALCOHOL AND BARBITURATE BLOOD LEVELS

84.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE AND PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT

85.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BRUISE AND POSTMORTEM STAINING

86.  DRUGS CAUSING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

87.  POISONS ABSORBED THRO SKIN, INHALATION

88.  POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY IN CERTAIN POISONS & POISONS RESISTING PUTREFACTION

89.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRYCHNINE POISONING AND TETANUS

90.  FEATURES AFTER DEATH

91.  SMELL AND STOMACH FINDINGS OF SOME POISONS

92.  POISONS CAUSING DRYNESS OF MOUTH AND SALIVATION

93.  FEATURES OF FIREARM INJURIES

94.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEEDS OF DHATURA AND CAPSICUM

95.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUICIDAL AND HOMICIDAL CUT THROAT INJURIES

96.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BRUISE AND CHEMICALS/PLANT JUICE

97.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONGESTION AND POSTMORTEM STAINING

98.  DIFFERENT MEASUREMENT OF UTERUS AFTER DELIVERY

99.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BRUISE AND CONGESTION

100.          SHORT  GUN INJURIES- AT DIFF. DISTANCES

101.          DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NULLIPAROUS AND PAROUS UTERUS

102.          DIFFERENT FEATURES OF GUN

103.          LONG BARELLED RIFLED GUN INJURIES- AT DIFF. DISTANCES

104.          DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUE AND FEIGNED INSANITY

105.          CEREBRAL POISONS

106.          BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS

107.          CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS

108.          DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGOR MORTIS AND HEAT STIFFENING

109.          CAUSES OF DEATH DUE TO INJURIES

110.          DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES AT DIFFERENT AGES

111.          MECHANISM OF BREACH LOADING

112.          SNAKE BITE – FATAL DOSE, TIME

113.          TROTTER AND GLESSER’S FORMULA OF STATURES OF BONES

114.          MULTIPLICATION FACTORS FOR STATURES IN INDIA

115.          METHODS OF LATENT FINGERPRINTS

116.          MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE OF AGE

117.          MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF SEMINAL FLUID

LIST OF MODELS

 1.      Healing of Wound.

2.      Lightening Injury.

3.      Defensive wound of Hand.

4.      Case of Sodomy.

5.      Genital Injury in child of rape.

6.      Various types of Hymen.

7.      Suicidal Hanging.

   LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

1. Abraded Laceration
2. Graze Abrasion
3. Linear Abrasion
4. Patterned Abrasion Tyre Marks
5. Abrasion-
6. Graze Abrasion
7. Multiple Linear Ab
8. Patterned Ab-Tyre mark
9. Blast Injury Limb
10. Blast Injury on Face
11. Blast Injury on Limbs
12. Blast Injury
13. 303 Rifeled Cartridge
14. Cartridge Case
15. musket_balls
16. Rifle_cartridge_comparison
17. Flame Burns
18. Infected wounds of Burns
19. Kerosine Burns
20. Soot particles in Trachea
21. Healed Burn Scars
22. Healing Burn Scar
23. Scald
24. Scalds
25. Contusion 2 Days Old
26. Contusion
27. Old Contusion
28. Picture 661-Old Contusions
29. Contusion Brain
30. contusion of Brain
31. Contusion over Scalp
32. Conused Laceration on Lt Frontal Lobe
33. Accidental cut throat.
34. Homicidal Cut Throat
35. Homicidal Cut Throat
36. Incised Wound over throat
37. Appearance in decomposition
38. Blister of Decomposition
39. Blisters of decomposition
40. Grenish discoloration of Decomposition
41. Diatoms
42. Drowning Froth
43. Washerman's feet
44. Washerman's Hands
45. Entry wound of electrocution by High Voltage
46. Entry wound of Electrocution
47. Exit wound of Electrocution
48. High Voltage Electrocution
49. Bite-Mark on Face
50. Cirrhosis
51. Lead_poisoning_-_blood_film
52. Milk in Stomach of newbourn
53. Arch
54. Composite
55. Loop
56. Whorl
57. Collies Fr
58. Fr & Dislocation
59. Fr Rt Humerus
60. Lig Mark of Hanging-
61. Lig Mark of Hanging with Knot mark
62. Ligature Mark of Hanging
63. Ligature Mark
64. Ligature mark of Near Hanging
65. Ligature Mark
66. Protruded tongue in hanging
67. Salivary Streek in Hanging
68. Extradural Haemorrhage
69. Intra ventricular Haemorrhage
70. Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage
71. Sub-Dural haemorrhage
72 Contused laceration of Brain
73 Contusion & Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage
74 Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage
75 Sub-Dural Haemorrhage
76Flaying
72. Lacerated Wound of Face
Laceration on Right Knee
73. Laceration with Fr on Forehead
74. Bisection of Liver
75. Laceration of Spleen with Hematoma
76. Laceration of Liver
77. Multiple Lacerations of Liver
78. Homicidal Cut Throat
79. Multiple stab wounds.
80. Congested Mucosa in Poisoning.
81. Effect on Abdominal viscera in Corrosive poisoning
82. Stomach in Acid Poisoning
83. Multiple Snake Bite Marks
84. Snake Bite Mark
85. Naja
86. Bandedkrait
87. Russel Viper
Saw scaled viper
88. Cobra
89. Python
90. Daboia Viper
91. Saw scaled Viper
92. Contused Larynx in Strangulation
93. Contusion in Neck in strangulation
94. Tattooing on Chest
95. Tattooing on Forearm
96. Tattooing
97. Communited fracture
98. Depressed Communited Fr.
99. Hinge Fr-Fr of both Middle Cranial Fossa
100. Linear Fracture
101. chip fr of skull bone
102. Deressed Fr.
103. Scalp Hematoma & Linear Fr of skull.
104. Sutural Fracture
105. Depressed skull fracture
106. Communited Fr.
107. Communited Fr.
108. Linear Fr of Skull
109. Main side effects of Caffeine
110. Symptoms of Spider bite
possible physical effects of lysergic acid diethylamide
111. Bacterial infections and involved species
112. Symptoms of anemia
113. Possible long-term effects of ethanol
114. Tuberculosis symptoms
115. Bodily effects of cannabis
116. Long-term effects of heroin
117. Main complications of persistent high blood pressure
118. Main symptoms of acute hemolytic reaction
119. Physiological effects of Crack cocaine
120. Side effects of chronic use of Cocaine
121. Side effects of nicotine
122. Snake bite symptoms
123. Symptoms of AIDS

Publication in Vancouver referencing style. 

RESEARCH ON HAND

1. Use of Gastric Lavage in cases of fatal poisoning: An Autopsy Based Retrospective Study- By Dr. Akhilesh Pathak, Dr. B. G. Rathod & Dr. A.K. Mahajan.

2. Study of Correlation of Age & Manner of Death in Female Children- By Dr. A. K. Pathak.